George Washington, Washington D.C. and the Grand Canyon

You could live your whole life in the USA , but you would still have a lifetime left of things you had not seen yet there. Its famous for the people who have lived there, such as George Washington, our first president, its splendid cities, such as Washington DC, and its world famous national parks such as the Grand Canyon. America is an amazing country in part because of its people and places. One of the country’s most famous leaders is George Washington. This important man was the first child of Augustine and Mary Washington, born on February 22nd, 1732. unfortunately, his father died when he was but eleven years old. By the time he was grown, he towered over many people, at exactly six feet tall. On January 6th, 1759, George Washington married Martha Custis (a wealthy widow), who was 28 years old at the time. They had no children together, but they raised the two children from from Martha’s previous marriage.As a general, he led many battles in the Revolutionary War. The war had started because the US was part of England, and the citizens of America were tired of the English government taxing them unfairly. The people did not think it was fair, because they had to use their hard-earned money on taxes. George played a big part in the war, leading his people into the biggest battle in the revolution. After the war, he was unanimously voted as first president in 1789 and in 1792. John Adams was named as vice president both times. George Washington preferred to be calledShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Government Shutdowns1427 Words   |  6 PagesDuring shutdown, ordinary citizens across the U.S stepped up to fill the gap and help their fellow Americans. In Washington D.C. a man named Chris Cox gathered up his lawnmower and other supplies and began to clean up the memorials there. Inspired by Cox, hundreds of citizens from across the U.S descended to Washington to help with the clean-up eff orts. In North Carolina , Crisp 3 the Food Lion grocery chain stepped upRead MoreEnvironmental Movements in the United States Essay1019 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped a deep â€Å"connection to nature† (â€Å"John Muir (1838-1914)†), ultimately leading to his work for the protection of several natural landmarks. In the course of his lifetime, he was able to â€Å"champion protection of the Petrified Forest and the Grand Canyon in Arizona†¦Yosemite Valley as a national park in 1890, as well as for General Grant and Sequoia national parks† (â€Å"John Muir (1838-1914)†). Muir’s collaboration with President Theodore Roosevelt not only helped to make these national parks existentRead MoreCreationism Vs. Evolution Essay2859 Words   |  12 Pagessuddenly, that it still exists in much the same form, and that the earth is much younger than Darwin thought. The Law of Biogenesis states that life only comes from life. The Harvard University Nobel Prize winner (in physiology and medicine) George Wald wrote(1954) that the reasonable view was to believe in spontaneous generation, (evolution). He said the only alternative is to believe in a single, primary act of supernatural creation, and there is no third position. He explains theRead MoreNew York City: History and Landmarks4966 Words   |  20 Pagesclosed their businesses in protest and burned the royal governor in effigy. However, the city was also strategically important, and the British tried to seize it almost as soon as the  Revolutionary War  began. In August 1776, despite the best efforts of George Washington’s Continental Army in Brooklyn and Harlem Heights, New York City fell to the British. It served as a British military base until 1783. 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They also used cloth, reeds or hair on their greenhouses during cold nights as insulation. George Washington built a glass conservatory with below-ground heating at his home at Mount Vernon in the 1780’s. 1-2 *1800’s – USA: The first commercial greenhouse (1820). Articles in Boston gardening mags. on forcing of vegetables in greenhouses (1836)Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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Work force Up-skilling Free Essays

Organisations usually view its work force as their driving force. The work force is believed to be the determinant of how far the company will go in terms of achieving its objectives. Organisations usually formulate strategies aimed at upskilling this workforce. We will write a custom essay sample on Work force Up-skilling or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is usually done through methods aimed at improving the skill possessed by its workers. Organisations usually formulate strategies, which are aimed at achieving their workforce level objectives (Argyris, 1976p. 34-56). Since the organisations are required to try and create a team that possess high skills the process of coming up with a workforce of higher skill need not be universally accepted. The companies are supposed to adopt a way of moving towards higher skill that fits its requirements (Terry, 1960p. 104-109). This method of creating a workforce of higher skill should be formulated the best way possible an organisation can manage considering its requirement in terms of organizational strategy (Torbert, W. 2004p. 41-42). Workforce structure. Work force in organisations is usually composed of two categories depending on the type of workers. These categories are: – (i) Skilled workers (ii) Unskilled workers Skilled workers refers to workers of organisations who are believed to possess qualities such as possession of a certain level of good education in their field of specialisation. The Skilled workers are also believed to have acquired experience in their fields of specialisation. Skilled workers are required to have other features that enable them to be termed as efficient in their duties. Examples of these features include good communication skills and also interpersonal skills which aid incase one has to work in a group. Skilled workers are also termed as having broad level of general knowledge which is a factor in efficiency in their duties. Examples of skilled workers include Mechanical engineers, doctors, management accountants, finance officers and also civil engineers. Unskilled workers are workers in organisations who do not need to have any educational (formal) background. These workers need not have any experience to get jobs in an organisation. Unskilled workers are believed to have no skill for the jobs they carry out for organisations. These are the workers in an organisation who are believed to be at the bottom under the consideration of the level of qualifications. Most of the employees who are unskilled in organisations include cleaners and also loaders in stores. According to statistical data in the UK the skilled workers usually get the task of seeking employment easy. This is because most of the employment vacancies available are skilled occupations. It has been found that out of every 1,000 skilled job seekers, 75% end up succeeding. The statistical data has also revealed that the organisations in the UK give better working conditions to the skilled employees. It has been found that this preference in terms of better working conditions to skilled workers is usually an attempt by the organisation to maintain skilled teams in their organisation. This is not the case with unskilled workers. These workers find it hard to get good working conditions in organisations (Bass, Avolio1995p. 100-123). The reason deducted for this occurrence is the fact that unskilled workers are readily available and incase their turnover tends to be high, there is no actual loss to the organisation. Human resource management refers to the process of handling matters concerning work force in an organisation. Each organisation usually has a department overseeing the efficiency of its work force. The human resource management is done by application of various models such as the goal Management Model. This human resource management model emphasizes on the need for organisations to handle their human resource in a manner likely to lead to the goal achievement. In the even of workforce upskilling a company should create a team of higher skill through assessment of the company’s goals. The organisations should use strategies likely to incorporate the needs of the organisation in terms of employee level of skills. The organisation should apply a strategy based on the level of skills required in achieving given goals. Another example of these models is the Culture change Model this is a model in human resource management which emphasizes that organisation changes their culture (House, 2004p. 23-31), and therefore the employees / workers should be upskilled to match the changes. Kurt Levin developed this model. Open systems Model is another model, which emphasizes that the human resource in an organisation should be managed as per the open system concept. This concept views systems as units that exchange requirements. The model argues that in employee upskilling the organisations should be able to get new employees from outside but not just develop the existing workers (Lowman, 2002p. 54-61). This model gives an organization option of acquiring workers of higher skills. All the three models described above show that there is no generally accepted way of upskilling an organisation workforce. The models suggest that an organisation should adopt a movement, which will be in agreement with the events at the organisation. For example when the organisation is faced with a change in its organizational culture, Lewin’s human resource management model should be adopted. When an organisation finds out that it cannot get the level of skill in the current workforce the open system human resource management model should be adopted, or just develop the existing workers to the level required, a characteristic of the Path Goal leadership model. Organisations usually emphasise on employee development in the attempt to reach a higher skilled work force. Employee development refers to the process in which employees of an organisation are involved in training in the organisation. Employee development involves a programme whereby the employees participate in their own will, the employees schedule their learning hours, the content to be learned is usually extra of what the job training requires and the workers select the content to learn without the influence of the organisations. Most companies in the UK emphasize on employee development since it is believed to give higher skilled employee workforce. Some of the companies in the UK, which emphasize on employee development, include Siemens UK and also Roll Royce Cars. These companies give a given level of provision in terms of sponsorship for employee training in the employee. The personal development theory in employee development argues that workers should be in a position to enhance the programme of employee development. The workers are required to be willing and interested in developing as employees of a given organisation. The employee motivation theory argues that the organisations should put efforts in the process of employee development. The organisations efforts should be in the form of programmes likely to boost the morale of employees (Stacey, 1992p. 31-39). The Benziger theory also provides directions on the employee development programmes in an organisation. In the process of employee development the organisations can create programmes bearing in mind that workforce usually consist of skilled and unskilled workers. The organisations should create programmes likely to give formal education, experience, skills and also general knowledge to the unskilled workforce. This is likely going to improve the skill of employee team hence likelihood of a success towards organizational strategy. The organisations should create programmes which will enable the skilled workforce improve their efficiency and also make them acquire certain level of vital attributes such as confidence and self-initiative (Warneka, 2006p. 23-29). Employee development should be structured in a way likely to make the organizational strategy give desired results. The employee development should be done in a way likely to put all the levels of the work force at a higher level of skill (Burns, 1978p. 65-71). Organisations should not copy the programmes adopted by their competitors or other comparable organisations. Copying of employee development programmes would not help organisations in the process of up-skilling its workforce since it might not suit the organisation. The organisations should structure these programmes as per their workforce requirement bearing in mind that the best workforce is that which is at a higher level in terms of suitability to a specific organization. Conclusion. Organizations should try as much as possible to avoid the perception that, workforce up-skilling is standardised (Heifetz, 1994p. 12-19). Organizations should formulate organizational strategies aimed at effective teams’ suited to the needs of specific company. The above is only possible if the right human resource models are applied and practiced. How to cite Work force Up-skilling, Papers

Terms Of Contract Towards Local Livestock -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Terms Of Contract Towards Local Livestock? Answer: Introducation The postal rule is a part of contract law which describe the terms of contract for the acceptance of an offer has communicated through any posting rules like email or phone or letter for establish a legally binding contract between the two parties. Another term under the posting rule is when an offer has been given by host or letters it will not effective until another person received the letter but as soon as it has been received and the acceptance will take place the contract effective from that moment. When the contract want to be repeat revocation therefore it is should be received by the party for making the offer before they send a post the letter of acceptance. In the case of Tallerman Co Pty Ltd v Nathan's Merchandise (1957) the court has found the rule of posting rules of the contract but it is not completed until the offers should be accepted by the party through the communication of a letter or email. Therefore a contract is not formed until and unless the posting of a letter of acceptance cannot able to justified by the offer when it could be contemplated and intended to application of such acts (McKendrick, 2014). Brinkibon v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgessellschaft mbH House of Lords [1983] is another case of Postal rules where the plaintiff has take legal action against the offering for breach of contract and according to the application of the postal rule in this case has not formed but instead of it a general contract has been formed. In another case Bressan v Squires Supreme Court of New South Wales [1974] the application of posting rules has been applied because the parties have communicate through using mails for the formation of the contract. Adam v Lindsell [1818] is one of the most significant cases of the postal rule where it has first applied in this case. The court has found that a contract has been formed through a mail between the parties where both of having common intention and accept the offer but later the acceptance could not be determined. Therefore plaintiff has take legal action against the defendant for causing lots of problem and breach the terms of Postal rule of acceptance. In the cases of Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corpn (1955) and Holwell securities Ltd v Hughes (1974) the same transaction of postal rules has been establishes through the communication in relation to the acceptance by the parties (McKendrick, 2014). Application The postal rule has one of the important part in the contract law where it has been found the one of the quickest form of business communication through the post services under the contract law. There are several forms of communication which define most fastest way of Communications like telex, phone, message and email. Through the postal rule the contract has been formed under the basic terms of contract which includes offer and acceptance, consideration, capacity to contract, legal intention and certainty. The postal rule is a part of contract law which describe the terms of contract for the acceptance of an offer has communicated through any posting rules like email or phone or letter for establish a legally binding contract between the two parties. Including this features it also made some rules which are the offer which has been given through the postal letter should not effective until it has been received by the other party or the offer after the acceptance of the offer. It wi ll effective from that moment and form a legal contract between two parties. For the effectiveness of revocation the contract should be formed and the offer which has been received by the offered person before they post the letter to the acceptance. The fact of the case is FramOnline Pty Ltd has run a business of sale of beef cattle to a firm called Local Livestock Seller. They send a letter to the local seller for selling a beef kettle in total which price should be paid $1,500 and asked to reply to accept this offer. The local seller has replied back where they want to drop the price and make it $1,200 per head. However again the FramOnline Pty Ltd reply them that they are not able to less the price not more than about $1,400 per head for a beef kettle. However they did not get any reply from them. After few days the local seller has replied them that they want they accept the offer but in meanwhile the FramOnline replied by back saying they are not interested to make the business and they also entered into the process of selling the cattle to another purchaser. Therefore as per the terms of contract the FramOnline Pty Ltd has breached the terms of contract and the local seller has rights to take legal steps against them (McKe ndrick, 2014). The basic five elements of a contract are: offer and acceptance which defines that it should be an offer and other party will accept the offer which form agreement between two parties the consideration switch stated that the contract has been made in the exchange of money or any property between the two parties the capacity to contract define the parties who are entitled to enter into the contract should be capable to form the contact which includes that they must be sound mind and complete the age of minority the legal intention define that the purpose of the agreement should create a legal intention for formation of an agreement where a legal relationship will be established between the two parties The certainty defines where the contract has been se formed for a particular of time and must be completed under the terms of the contract. In the postal rules a contract can be formed through a medium of communication which would be email, letter or phone. Therefore as per the terms of contract and postal rules a contract has been satisfying the terms of contract where make an offer to another party which satisfied the term of capacity legal intension and certainty. Therefore according to the first letter of FramOnline Pty Ltd which was sent to the local seller that they want to form the contact by accept the offers on 14 October but before the acceptance of the offer both of the parties has bargain about the business material and on the date of 14th October the local seller has accept the final offer. Therefore contract has been formed but before the acceptance FramOnline Pty Ltd has breached the terms and from another contract with different purchaser. Therefore they breach the terms of contract. According to the terms of the postal rule the effectiveness of the contract has applicable when the acceptance has been communicated through a mode of communication. Therefore it is defining the basic rule of the agreement for the communication of acceptance is received. When a letter has been post therefore an offer has been given and reply to the letter to the offer make the acceptance of the offers (McKendrick, 2014). In the case of Adam v Lindsell [1818] the postal rule has first decided by the court. In this case the defendant has posted a letter to the plaintiff by offering to sell some wool and requested to reply the acceptance of the offer to the post. However the letter which has been posted by the defendant has gone to a wrong address and plaintiff didnt make any knowledge about the letter. Therefore due to the misrepresentation the defendant did not get any reply from plaintiff and they sold the wool to a third party. Therefore the court has raises the question whether the contract has any effectiveness due to the arrived of the letter to the address and they sell the wool to the third party. Therefore there is no reason to revocation of the offers. Therefore in this case there was a contract has exist before the sale of the wool to the third party even though the letter has not received by the defendant but the defendant was liable to breach the contract. Therefore as per the terms of contract FramOnline Pty Ltd has breach the contract with the local seller while selling the cattle to the third party. Though they do not have any knowledge about the acceptance by the first party of the offer but while selling it to third party it make a contract and FramOnline Pty Ltd has breach the terms of contract towards the Local Livestock Seller (McKendrick, 2014). Conclusion As per the case study it can be concluded that due to the breach of the terms of contract the local seller can take legal action against FramOnline Pty Ltd for selling the beef cattle to the third party. Reference Adam v Lindsell [1818] B Ald 681 Bressan v Squires Supreme Court of New South Wales [1974] 2 NSWLR 460 Brinkibon v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgessellschaft mbH House of Lords [1983] 2 AC 34 Entores Ltd v Miles Far East Corpn (1955) Holwell securities Ltd v Hughes (1974) McKendrick, E. (2014). Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). Tallerman Co Pty Ltd v Nathan's Merchandise (1957) 98 CLR 93, 111-11

The Importance of Customs and Courtesies in the Army free essay sample

The Importance of Customs and Courtesies in the Army Customs and courtesies have been a part of many military and government settings for centuries; some even running back to ancient roman times. A custom is an established practice. They include both positive actions and taboos (things you do and things you avoid doing). Some examples of customs that we practice in todays military include; never criticize the Army or a leader in public, never wear a superiors rank by saying something like, the first sergeant says to do this when he aid no such thing: you should speak with your own voice, do not run indoors at the sound of reveille or retreat, and never avoid an officer or the nations flag to avoid saluting. Discipline is maintained with courtesy among armed forces members. Good human relations are based from courteous behavior. This discipline and good relations is even instilled in us as children. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Customs and Courtesies in the Army or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When we were young our parents taught us to address elders as sir or mam. This is a courtesy we use today to address officers. Courtesy is an integral part of serving in uniform. It should be known though, Military courtesy is a two way street and should be practiced back and forth through the ranks. It is a privilege for an officer to be saluted by the lower enlisted, not a chore of those lower enlisted. For military courtesy, mutual respect is a vital part. It is exampled in FM 7-21. 3 chapter 4 that a PFC passing an officer outside had full hands and could not render a salute at the time, but greeted him still with the greeting of the day. Though the lower enlisted did not salute the officer was still required to render a salute to the lower enlisted. This is because, as said before, it is not a chore of the lower enlisted to salute, it is a privilege and the salute goes both ways as a sign of respect. There are times when a soldier doesnt have to salute because the situation Jus t does not permit it. A soldier does not have to salute when working, is indoors, or when there are hands are full. Times when a service member should salute include; to uncased National colors outdoors, at reveille and retreat ceremonies, and when turning over control of formations. There are many other ourtesies in our army. Some are more practiced than others. It is known and taught early in a soldiers carrier that they are to stand at parade rest when addressing an NCO until otherwise ordered. This courtesy is also to be practiced between NCOs. The officers equivalent to this is the position of attention, and it is to be practiced by all service members lower than the addressing officers rank. Lack of this in a unit is a lack in discipline. There are courtesies listed in FM 7-21. 13 that we dont actually use that often, or have been washed down. For example, when an officer enters a room the first service member to notice is supposed to call the room to attention. This courtesy seems to only be held to the commander of a troop or unit and not to any other officers i. e. the XO or Platoon Leaders. The same is expected with all NCOs with the room being called to the position of at ease, it seems that this courtesy has been left only to the Command Sergeant Major of a unit. Courtesies have the right to change over time, as is exampled. One known instance of this is the case of the hand salute. When it was first implemented, in the late Roman Empire assassinations were common, and If a citizen wanted to see a public official they were to raise there right hand to show that they came unarmed. Later Knights would raise the visor to their helmets in a show of respect to other knights. Obviously assassinations are not a prevalent threat nowadays nor visors on our Kevlars or patrol caps, so obviously with a changing environment customs have the right to change. There are many other customs and courtesies that arent always used today with our changing Army. Walking to the left of the higher ranking service member between NCOs and Officers isnt commonly implemented and enforced. Any time it does happen theres a great chance that it was purely accidental. When entering or exiting a vehicle the higher ranking member is required to be the last to enter and the first to exit. This custom isnt used anymore today as well. A tradition is the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation, or the fact being passed on this way. The army is full of traditions and they are what build the pride with in every soldier. In the cavalry, one tradition held to is the use of spurs and Stetsons. Before military vehicles were prevalent and even up until the first gulf war, cavalry scouts utilized horses for navigating rough terrain. Even earlier the cavalry soldiers main purpose was to be a unit that could move quickly across the battle field. The Stetson and spurs were a common part of the cavalry soldiers uniform, and though we dont ride horses into battle or even wear spurs and Stetsons while engaging the enemy we do hold to the tradition of wearing these items on or with our dress uniforms. Traditions like these are specific to certain MOSs and can even be to individual units. The bugle call is an example of an army tradition that is practiced throughout it entirely. All Army installations still use these musical pieces to call for wake up call, lunch, and dinner time. Traditions and courtesies are important to our army because they instill the pride of serving the nation as well as the discipline that a soldier is expected to display. There is no chance that an army without these could exist for, they are the hidden framework behind our actions.

International Marketing Management Essays

International Marketing Management Essays International Marketing Management Essay International Marketing Management Essay Avery Wellness (M) Sdn Bhd is a private company specialise in total skin care and beauty product solutions in Malaysia. The company began its operation in Malaysia since 1990. Follow Me Industries Sdn Bhd is the sole manufacturing facility for all skin care and beauty products to Avery Wellness (M) Sdn Bhd. Avery Wellness business model involved in marketing and distributing skin care and sun care products within Malaysia market. The main distribution centres in Malaysia focus in all pharmacy chains, departmental stores and beauty retailers.The company is envisaged to transform from a local enterprise into a multinational brand company with growth plan to tap into overseas market. The company has a headquarter base in Subang Jaya Industrial Park with total 80 employees. The advantage of Avery Wellness products are HALAL accreditation and this gave the company a strong market presence in Muslim segment. The company with its marketing and branding strategy by le veraging on local Muslim celebrity as ambassador to successful help the brand enters the Muslim market. 2. 2 Vision and MissionAvery Wellness is visioning to capture the South East Asian market and to emerge as a dominant company in providing skin care and sun care solution for all consumers. The mission of Avery Wellness is to provide continuous innovative and reliable product to overcome all man and woman skin problems with a product certified halal accreditation. 2. 3 Sales Revenue Avery Wellness average sales revenue for the past 3 years from 2010 to 2012 mainly contributed from 3 major brands which are Ageless solution, Clear Clean and Sun Safeâ„ ¢ (Table 1).The percentage of contribution is 46%, 20% and 34% respectively. The Sun Safeâ„ ¢ brand has two main sun care products which are Sun Safeâ„ ¢ Face and Sun Safeâ„ ¢ Body. Currently the market share for these two products in sun care category is more than 35% in Malaysia. Table 1: Sale Revenue on Skin Care Brand for Avery Wellness Brand2010 (RM/Million)2011 (RM/Million)2012 (RM/Million)Averagepercentage Ageless5. 55. 86. 05. 7746% Clear Clean2. 42. 52. 52. 4720% Sun Safeâ„ ¢4. 24. 34. 34. 2734% Total Revenue12. 112. 12. 812. 5100% 2. 4 International Market Entry Objective In view of sales revenue stagnancy from year 2010 to 2012, and increasing of fixed and variable cost yearly such as cost of goods sold, salaries and wages, interest expenses and promotion, thus impacting in net income yearly. In fact, there is significant descent of net profit from 11. 4 % to only 9. 9% in year 2012 (Appendix 1). In order to sustain business growth and achieve imperative profitability, step to enter international market is essential.In particular, sustained economic growth has been experienced in emerging economies, which have become a source of expanding market opportunities and are currently underpinning the global recovery (Zizah Che Senik et al, 2010). Malaysia policy of governance encourages local SME to go International. In the effort to encourage SMEs to go global, SME Corp has introduced the National Mark of Malaysia Brand which is a certification process, audited and monitored by Sirim.Through this initiative, Malaysian Brands are developed not just for the local market, but with the intention that they would be good enough to penetrate international markets (Mohd Rithaudden Makip, 2012) In addition, the SME Master plan (2012-2020) has also outlined a High Impact Programme – Going Export Programme that will focus on addressing challenges faced by SMEs on entering new markets overseas, which include high upfront costs and the lack of detailed knowledge about the markets and local competitors (Charles Fernandez, 2013). 3 Country and Market Entry Analysis 3. 1 Country AnalysisIndonesia, Thailand and Singapore are selected as the potential markets for Avery Wellness’s expansion plan to sell HALAL accreditation sun care products. In order to minimize business fa ilure and find out the best of the country market, three candidate markets (Indonesia, Thailand and Singapore) which are the most nearest country to Malaysia are chosen to make comparison for the first step of Avery Wellness to success. The selection of oversea markets is a vital issue for a company, this is imperative as the international business environment is turbulent and more uncertain as compared to domestic market.Therefore, fully identify the potential opportunities cab be exploited while minimizing threats and risks (Fariza Hashim et al, 2010). 3. 1. 1 PESTEL Analysis PESTEL analysis will be used to focus the discussion within this analytical framework on the political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal factors that may influence the business operation for the company (Kotler 1994). A company must be aware of many considerations such as differences in language and customs as well as political and legal when doing business internationally (Farese et al, 2002).Table 2: Comparison of PESTEL on Indonesia, Thailand and Singapore Analysis FactorCountry IndonesiaThailandSingapore Political Legal(tax)Doing business in Indonesia is complex and time consuming. This is because of negotiation through the regulatory and industrial landscape. Corruption in the country is active at all levels. Skin care Import duties and taxes of 10% are applied in this country. Thailand is an export-dependent country. A total of $ 223 billion worth of goods in 2011 were exported, accounting 69% of its GDP. Corruption and lack of transparency still a major concerns especially in procurement tender.Thailand’s average applied tariff rate is 11%. Highest tariff rates applied to imports competing with locally produced goods. Skin care is 35% of import duties and taxes. Singapore is a free port country. More than 99% of all imports enter Singapore duty-free. It is a liberal trading regime. Singapore is a strong intellectual property protection country wi th virtually no corruption. Singapore levies a 7% Goods and Services Tax (GST), including skin care products. Economic (Gross Domestic Product) Indonesia is the largest population with 240 million in Southeast Asia.GDP growth above 6. 5% in 2011 and projected to remain above 6%. GDP per capita of $3,500. .The total population in Thailand in year 2012 is 67 Million. Thai economy grew only 1% in 2011, as the devastation caused by severe flooding that happened yearly in the country. GDP growth rate only 5. 5% in year 2012 and estimated will be above 7. 5% in year 2013. Total population in in year 2012 is 5 Million Singapore economy expanded by 14. 5% in year 2012, become the second fastest growing economy in the world. GDP is expected sustainable growth of 4% in 2013.Social CulturalRich natural resources country with very strong domestic demand. Bahasa is a common speaking and language used in Indonesia. Indonesian labor cost is relatively low by compare other Southeast Countries. Con sumers are extremely price-conscious; prefer lower prices over product quality. Thai and English are the most common spoken language in the country. Labor cost is moderate, where unemployment rate in 2010 only 1% of the labor force. Most citizen and people are highly educated. English is common language for business and education. Local labor laws are flexible.EnvironmentInfrastructure and service networks still under developed in the country. Most of the area are rural and with more than 180 islands in the country. Severe flooding occurred yearly. It caused thousands of homes were inundated and many business operations affected. Singapore levies high excise taxes on motor vehicles and petroleum products due to environmental reason. TechnologyMobile internet is now emerges in the country, providing opportunities to do business through internet. E-Commerce technology enables Thai to support â€Å"business to business† collaboration.It is another technology upcoming trend in th e country. Telecommunications and Internet facilities in Singapore are extremely well developed. Resource: 2012 Country Commercial Guide for U. S. Companies ( state. gov/) 3. 2 Selection of Country Base on the PESTEL analysis (Table 2), Indonesia will be the best country as the target market of Sun Safe expansion plan outside Malaysia because of its the excellent overall performing ability, widely accepted culture, comparably higher economic growth with less interest rate, and moderate corporate tax rate.What’s more the fact that Indonesia is the largest population growth country which means a vast room for expansion has make it a more attractive market than Thailand and Singapore. 3. 3 Type of Entry mode The expansion into Indonesia market usually could be achieved by indirect investment such as exporting, licensing, trading, joint venture and direct investment. Export Trading Company acts more like an agent to pay the manufacturer for the exported products and thereafter se ll the product to interested buyers.There is an advantage to help securing foreign market share on behalf of its clients (Fariza hashim et al, 2010). Avery Wellness is recommended to start its business by appointing a local trading and distribution company in the targeted sun care market. The reasons of appointing a trading company are 2 folds: First of all, risk can be transferred to the appointed local company in the new market development. This is because risks still exist since such market expansions come along with potential failures besides profit makings.Secondly, a well established local trading and distribution company has been proved successful pool their resources such as experiences, technologies and capitals together to expand the business in a fast speed. 3. 4 Trading Company Analysis and Selection In order to minimize the rate of failure and ensure the success entry to Indonesia market, an audit to local well known trading companies is made to compare the background o f the company, services provided, distribution channel coverage and the reliabilities of the company (Fariza Hashim et al, 2010).There are 3 local trading companies which are PT Dos Ni Roha, PT Maha Jaya Suksesindo and PT Fremont Nusametal Trading that already well-established in Indonesia (Table 3). PT Dos Ni Roha is the best trading company of Avery Wellness because of its market expansion in Indonesia that covers a lot of states and operational experiences in the business. Table 3: Comparison of Trading Companies in Indonesia PT Dos Ni Roha (DNR Distribution)PT Maha Jaya Suksesindo (MJS)PT Fremont Nusametal Trading (FNT) Company BackgroundPT Dos Ni Roha (DNR) was established in year 1963. The company is now a truly professional distributor in the country.PT Maha Jaya Suksesindo (MJS) is a 15 years old trading company in Indonesia and primary business is exporting fast moving consumer goods to Indonesia Borneo and Sumatra island, and other part of ASEAN countries. PT Fremont Nusam etal Trading (FNT) main business is distribution home appliances for international brands such as Sony, Panasonic and LG in Indonesia. The company was established in 1985. Scope of ServicesSales and distribution of pharmaceutical products, consumer products, medical supplies and equipment including after sales service. Logistics services including importation, storage, shipping and inventory managementExport and distribution of consumer goods. Trading and distribution of home appliances. Distribution ChannelDNR has 30 branches and 19 sub-branches spread out all over Indonesia: Java Island (greater Jakarta, west Java, central Java, east Java), Bali Nusa Tenggara, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Jayapura. MJS distribution is mainly in the sub-urban and rural areas of Indonesia especially in Sumatra island. The 8 sales offices of MJS are for exporting businesses. FNT has the largest distribution coverage across the 3 main islands of Indonesia – Java, Sumatra and Borneo. The bus iness model of FNT is wholesaling of the home appliances.Business LicenseTrading license with ability to do product registration as currently distributing consumer health supplement products. Trading and Export license but MJS only experience in trading locally produced consumer goods. Trading license on home appliances Current Business PartnersDNR is one of the trading company for international consumer goods of Unilever, Kraft Food and leading local beauty products Mustika Ratu and international L’Oreal and medical products B. Braun, Novartis, Schering Plough. Yummy Food Utama is the largest consumer goods in Indonesia with brands such as Indomie and Yam Yam instant noodles.MJS is the sole trading company. Wholesaling partners for Sony, Panasonic and LG. FNT also is sole distributor of Yamaha heavy equipment in Indonesia such as water pumps, and power generators. Source: Indonesia Business Directory, www. gdgindonesia. com 4. Market and Industry Analysis 4. 1 Porter’ s Five Forces Analysis Competitive rivalry within an industry An industry could be defined as substance between the established competitors and the substitute products (Porter, 2008). And the competitive rivalry exists between the established competitors in the same product segment and it is the center of the Michael Porter’s five forces model.Sun care industry in Indonesia, though there are many large corporations such as Beiersdorf and Oriflame Coemetics, but the industrial competitive rivalry would not obviously affect Avery Wellness as there is still a large potential growth of sun care in the country. Bargaining power of customers The bargaining power of the customers also poses significant influence over the business behaviors within the sun care industry. Such forces usually could be seen in term of forced down prices, demand for higher-quality or more services and pit rival organizations against one another (Porter, 2008).However, most customers with small quantity of purchase still having low bargaining power though they only demand in effectiveness product. Threat of new entrants The threat of new entrants comes is quite high due to the low entry barriers in Indonesia. This is because Sun Care products can be imported easily into the country of only 10% import taxes imposed. Besides, Indonesia with population of 240 million people among Southeast Asia country is attracted with all multinational company to tap into this large resource country.Bargaining power of supplier Collaborations with manufacturer Follow Me Industries Sdn Bhd in Malaysia has given Avery Wellness a quality assurance and stability supplied of innovative products. Base on the excellence working relationship for more than 20 years with existing cooperation, it should be possible for Avery Wellness to control such increases in bargaining power from suppliers due to the increasing demand of products during the execution of the Indonesia market expansion plan. Threat of substitu te productsThe threat from substitute products to sun care products is very less thanks to the ingredients of sun reflective function named titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. This is because the 2 main ingredients only can be used on sun protection purpose. 4. 2 SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis used to summarize audit which concentrates upon main issues for objectives, strategies and tactics. The audit consists of internal current strengths and weakness that largely controllable, and also external future opportunities and threats that unpredictable (Lancaster Massingham, 2011). Table 4: SWOT Analysis InternalStrength: Both have been establishing for more than 20 years and expertise in product sales and marketing strategy. -Halal certification for both sun care products help to gain more Muslim consumers which is occupied of 65% of Malaysian populations and 95% of Indonesian populations. Weakness: -Avery Wellness as a Distribution company in fact fully reliable on Follow Me as a Manufactur er to provide sun care product. -Market development solely dependent on PT BNR as trading company without involving in any management and strategic planning. ExternalOpportunity: -Indonesia population estimated to be more than 250 million with 58% live in Java island. Similar tropical country with sunny weather almost throughout the year to promote the using of Sun Care product. -Common language and culture between Malaysia and Indonesia which provide easy platform for market development. Threat: -Sun Care products can be imported easily into Indonesia because of only 10% import taxes imposed. -Plenty of existing premium Sun Care brands such as Cllinique, Clarins, Biotherm are entering Indonesia market. -Sun protection awareness is still primarily high only in Jakarta district. But the sub-urban and rural populations are very lacking of health conscious towards sun protection. 4. Total Market Size and Share of Sun Care Despite the market size of Sun Care in Indonesia relatively low compare to other country such as Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand even though at same currency exchange, whereby Indonesia population is 5-10 times larger compare to these countries, but still it shown the growth of sun care market ascent almost double from 11. 3 bn Rupiah to 20. 2 bn Rupiah within 6 years from 2007 to 2012 (Table 5). Positively, a sun care product is expected to have greater growth rate in Indonesia market. Table 5: Sun Care Market Size of Indonesia Sun Care2007200820092010201120122012 * (RM mn)World (US$ mn)6,817. 17,557. 77,521. 28,161. 89,043. 39,094. 22,860. 0 Indonesia (Rp bn)11. 311. 911. 613. 516. 720. 26. 36 Malaysia (RM mn)9. 39. 49. 69. 79. 910. 110. 1 Singapore (S$ mn)14. 515. 416. 217. 318. 619. 648. 9 Thailand (Bt mn)1,046. 21,200. 81,183. 01,282. 21,401. 71,597. 0162. 0 Resource: Euromonitor International 2013 *Equivalent to Ringgit Malaysia Table 6: Indonesia Sun Care Brand and Company Shares 2007-2012 BrandCompany Name (GBO)200720082009201020112012 NiveaBeiersdorf AG40. 141. 446. 042. 236. 843. 0 OriflameOriflame Cosmetics SA24. 319. 19. 214. 321. 412. 2 Nu SkinNu Skin Enterprises Inc6. 6. 28. 39. 210. 010. 9 The Face ShopLG Household Health Cate Ltd8. 08. 39. 09. 6 VaselineUnilever Group-4. 35. 15. 55. 67. 4 Banan BoatEnergizer Holdings Inc3. 74. 14. 43. 93. 24. 3 BiothermLoreal Groupe3. 23. 33. 73. 43. 02. 9 CliniqueEstee Lauder Cos Inc1. 62. 22. 52. 42. 22. 0 ClarinsClarins SA1. 21. 71. 81. 61. 51. 4 RossolareGalenium Pharmasia Laboratories PT0. 30. 30. 40. 40. 40. 4 The Face ShopFaceshop Co Ltd6. 76. 7- OthersOthers12. 610. 710. 68. 86. 96. 0 Total100. 0100. 0100. 0100. 0100. 0100. 0 Source: Euromonitor International 2013 from trade sources/national statistics (Sun Care in Indonesia)The Sun Care brand shares held by most leading companies in Indonesia remained fairly stable from year 2007 to 2012 (Table 6). The top 3 sun care brands mainly imported from international market are Nivea, Oriflame and Nu Skin, total dominated 65-70% of sun care sales in Indonesia from year 2007 to 2012. Beiersdorf Indonesia with its Nivea Sun brand continued to lead sun care with a 46% value share in 2009. The notable fluctuation brand was Oriflame, which its overall share declined from 24. 3% to 12. 2% throughout year from 2007 to 2012 instability.However, Rossolare is the only local sun care brand owned by Galenium Pharmasia Laboratories PT at 0. 3% of total market share (Table 6). 5. Marketing Strategy 5. 1 Marketing Objectives Key Objective of Avery Wellness and PT BNR are to have Market Development of Sun Care segment in Indonesia market order to achieve: 1. Increase company sales revenue contributed from sun care brand market penetration: a. 10% in year 2013, b. 20% in year 2014 and c. 25% in year 2015. (From RM 12. 6 Mil- 2011 to RM 21. 0 Mil- 2015). (Appendix 1) 2. Capture 20% of sun care market share in Indonesia (2012 total market size in Indonesia RM 6. Mil/ 20. 2 bn Rupiah) 3. Achieve 15% net profit margin i n Sun Care product segment in line with profitability generated from other skin care segment within 3 years. 5. 2 Financial Budget 5. 2. 1 Funding Avery Wellness indirect investment strategic to appoint a local trading company in entering Indonesia new market development needs both parties commitment to success the plan. So, both parties need to have contribution in startup capital base on 2:1 ratio whereby Avery Wellness will be contributing RM 500,000 and PT DNR required allocating RM 250,000 as capital to start up the business in Indonesia (Appendix 2). . 2. 2 Working Capital Cash Flow statement is an indication to show cash coming in and out every month. It is essential for a company to use cash to pay business expenses such as bills, wages, merchandise and even unexpected expenses (Farese et al, 2002). Projected cash flow statement (Appendix 3A 3B) shows the budget planning start from December 2012 as a business startup month. Total funding of RM 750,000 (value equivalent to r upiah VER) use to pay for 2 months inventories (sun care products), import duties of 10% and promotion support in Indonesia market.Account receivable is base on 60 days term and expected cash is recovered in month of March 2013 with RM 120,000 (VER) sales collected on every subsequent month onwards. Monthly wages, general operating and administrative expenses start from month January 2013 at fixed cost of RM 24,000 and RM 5,500 respectively base on monthly basis. Inventory cost at RM 84,000 (VER) will be paid quarterly to store for 3 months supply. Product registration cost of RM 8,000 is used at one off payment to get qualified certificate to sell sun care product within Indonesia. 5. 2. 3 Sales Forecast and ProfitabilitySun SafeTM brand consists of Sun Sport body and Sun Defense face are forecasted to generate additional sales of RM 1. 2 mil in 2013 (Appendix 4). A successful marketing plan is to achieve company main objective by generating satisfaction profit (Kotler 1994). Net profit ranges is expected between 12-19% yearly, which is above the company net profit of 9. 9% in year 2012. 5. 3 Market Mix George Michael (2004) classified the 4 Ps marketing such as Product, Price, Place and Promotion as marketing mix. The target market for Sun SafeTM brand is focused on population in mass market of all age in Indonesia. 5. 3. Product There are 2 Sun care products named Sun Sport body and Sun Defense face to be sold in Indonesia market. Base on Warren Keegan model (table 7), there are 5 international product and communication strategies (Keegan Green, 2011) Table 7: Warren Keegen Model Source: (Keegan Green, 2011)) Avery Wellness is using Straight Extension whereby products that entering foreign market without changes as no requires RD expenses, manufacturer retooling or promotional modification. This will be an added advantage for Avery Wellness as the products is using Bahasa and English as communication to deliver the message.In other cases, this strategy may be a disaster; for example Campbell Soup Company experienced a loss of $30 million by introducing a condensed soup in England. The reason is product communication breakdown as consumers did not realize water is added in the soup by assuming the product in small can was expensive. 5. 3. 2 Price Sun SafeTM brand will be positioning as low pricng with high quality value to win loyal customers (Kotler Keller, 2012). The selling price for Sun Defense Face and Sun Sport Body in Indonesia will be set at RM 29 RM 25 respectively (VER). . 3. 3 Promotion PT BNR will be using straight extension strategy. Therefore, the company does not change the products and also promotion methods since the culture and language for both Malaysia and Indonesia are similar (Kotler Keller, 2012). For example, Ford adapted its advertising message due to the product used in United States would not be interpreted the same meaning by Spanish speakers. Sun SafeTM brand is expected to obtain sales of RM 1. 2 mil lions in 2013. PT BNR is budgeting 10% of the sales revenue for AP purposes.The advertisement campaign is mainly focus on brand awareness and the whole entire activities as below: 1)Press and magazines for sun protection information/article 2)Merchandising at beauty retail outlets. 3)Social media campaign. 4)Public relation of local Muslim Ambassador. 5)Sample distribution in shopping mall. 6)Sales Promotion. 5. 3. 4 Place PT BNR currently is having a very strong and established distribution network in broad channel for its existing product line in 30 branches covered the following chains such as: a. Pharmacy Chains b. Beauty Retailers c. Departmental Store 6. Management Structure and ControllingManagement is the process of reaching goals through the integrated of technology and human resources (Farese et al, 2002). To facilitate the effectiveness of an organization, PT BNR is currently practicing Horizontal Organization structure. Horizontal Organization involves self-managing team s that set their own goals and decisions; it helps the process of making spontaneous decision without delaying any important task (Farese et al, 2002) Marketing plan should be controlled using qualitative and quantitative standards including sales, market share, expenses, profitability and customers tracking.The controlling process is an indication to the evaluation of the effectiveness of an organization marketing plan (Lancaster Massingham, 2011). However, despite Avery Wellness is not participating in any sales and marketing activities but the director of sales will be monitoring and control the sales and marketing plan base on annual, profitability, efficiency and strategic control from time to time. 7. The Challenges for SME to Enter International MarketFrom a viewpoint of SME policy, the drastic changes in global growth and trade dynamics may open up opportunities for SMEs in international markets. However, they also pose a new challenge to policy makers in the need to design , adapt and implement effective policies to facilitate internationalization and enable SMEs to take full advantage of its benefits (Zizah Che Senik et al, 2010). In general, SMEs are considered to experience greater difficulties relative to large firms when operating internationally because of constrained resources and lack of international experience.Furthermore, the regulatory framework of some high-growth economies makes it more difficult for SMEs to enter the markets, which can be characterized by an unpredictable business environment likes frequent regulatory changes, weak protection of property rights, non-transparent judicial systems, inadequate enforcement of commercial law and specific institutional constraints. All these factors create additional challenges challenge to SMEs, which are typically resource constrained and inexperienced (Zizah Che Senik et al, 2010).A study on â€Å"Removing Barriers to SMEs Access to Global Markets† has identified in some of the barri ers that affect the decision in entering foreign market. Table 6 has shown the ranking of the barriers (Koji Ito, 2013). Table 8: Types of Barrier of entering foreign market RankingTypes of Barrier 1Inadequate of well trained personnel 2Working capital shortage 3Insufficient and limited information on market audit 4Wrongly identifying foreign business opportunities 5Time management to manage international business is lack 6Inability to rapture potential customers in oversea market 7No strategy to develop products for foreign markets Unfamiliar foreign business practices and regulation 9Product quality and standard not meet the country requirement 10Unfamiliar exporting procedures and processes Source: US International Trade Commission (2010). 9. Recommendations It is suggested that Avery Wellness should build a network in Indonesia by appointing PT BNR as a trading company to distribute its products in the country. However, it is recommended that Avery Wellness can use direct entry mode after the successful of product penetration into Indonesia market.

abortion Essays (813 words) - RTT, Abortion, Fertility, Free Essays

Abortion is the act of destroying an un-born fetus in a woman?s womb. Its known as one of the most controversial issues discussed in today?s society. The topic can be put into two categories; pro-choice, and pro-life. Those who support pro-choice believe that abortion is a woman?s right, and that abortion is acceptable. While on the hand those who support pro-life believe, abortion is morally wrong, and can be considered murder. However the issue has caused a great deal of turmoil in the world. Some protesters have even killed other people over this issue, which is ironic because killing human beings is exactly what those people are protesting. Pro-choice advocates argue that abortion is not murder, because life does not begin until the child is born, or sometime relatively close. Since the idea of life depends on ones religious, and theological views, it can make a complicated argument. However, from a scientific stand point, theres no room for argument. Scientist believe life begins at conception, and continues until birth. The definition of alive is, that a being is growing, developing, maturing, and replacing its own dying cells, which a fetus is capable of doing. Pro-choice advocates have argued that a woman had the right to her own body, and that the government shouldn?t be able to control a woman?s body, which is true. A woman, just like any other human being should have complete control to their own bodies. Having an abortion is murder, it is giving a woman the right to murder an unborn fetus. A woman has the right to get pregnant, and should take full advantage of all the possibilities and options while getting pregnant. Allowing a woman to have an abortion, is allowing a woman to commit murder. Abortion is immoral and wrong, with the exceptions in cases of incest, rape, and when the mother?s life is in danger. Using abortion as a form of birth control is murder, it is killing an unborn fetus. Believing that abortion is a woman?s right to her own body is startling to believe. Never has a state granted a citizen the right to have another person killed in order to solve a personal, social, or financial dilemmas. Abortion can also lead to many physical, and or mental problems. About 10 percent of women who have an abortion will suffer immediate complications. And about 2 percent are considered life threatening. Another likely complication is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, which can later lead to infertility. Some of the more major complications which can occur at the time of an abortion are: Genital Tract Infection, excessive bleeding, embolism, ripping or perforation of the uterus, anesthesia complications, convulsions, hemorrhage, cervical injury, and endotoxic shock. The most common "minor" complications include: infection, bleeding, fever, second degree burns, chronic abdominal pain, vomiting, and gastro-intestinal disturbances. Post-Abortion Syndrome better known as PAS can be a mental after affect from abortion. A Los Angeles Times survey back in 1989 showed that 56% of women who had an abortion felt guilty, and 26% felt guilty about having an abortion Abortion isn?t always successful, there are about 50 failed abortions cases a year. A failed abortion is when a woman attempts an abortion and the fetus survives. Fused joints, Cerebral Palsy, growth retardation, missing limbs, or digit abnormalities and other congenital problems are just some of the medical complications that can result after abortion. A failed abortion can either be a continued intrauterine pregnancy or can also take place as an ectopic pregnancy. A continued pregnancy is a normal pregnancy, in which the woman can go on to give birth to her baby. An Ectopic is a pregnancy that takes place in the fallopian tubes and is not a result of the abortion, its a natural occurrence, and can actually be the reason of the failed abortion. Ectopic pregnancies that are not terminated can be fatal. After having an abortion there are many effects that can occur in future pregnancies. About 24.3 percent of women experience complications in future pregnancies, after having an abortion. Excessive bleeding, premature delivery, cervical damage, and even infertility are just some of the complications that women can experience after an abortion. Placenta previa, a condition producing extremely severe,

E-business Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

E-business Project - Essay Example Viability - To date, no site offers online musical instrument lessons. This means that this will be a "one-of-a-kind" musical site. It will address many problems besetting people who want to take lessons on playing musical instruments but either they don't have the time to physically go to places where these lessons are held or they don't have in their possession the necessary instruments. Likewise, this online experience can answer the needs of physically handicapped people who are musically-inclined and who would like to learn to play an instrument but could not due to commuting problems posed by the individual's physical disability. E-Business Model - The business model for Music Teachers Online is produced to offer a premium site with products and services with minimum overhead. This model offers a simplified site that eliminates avoidable costs and focuses on the basics of an e-business. Designing the website could cost quite a bit, depending on the experience of the business owner. If the owner were able to design the site it would decrease costs significantly, because the design will be the main cost incurred. In this case, the business owner will need the assistance of a professional web designer. A professional designer can implement the necessary formats for adding a shopping cart, setting up bulletin boards and other complicated design issues. Depending on the experience of the designer, this could cost upwards of a $1,000. The site owner needs to have or maintain a credit card (of good standing) or any of the legitimate online pay schemes available where customers can channel their purchase payments. However, once the site is up and running, there are few maintenance fees. Revenue Model - Revenue from this site will come from various sources: online lessons as well sales of musical instruments and sheet music, plus ticket sales. Other Details - This is an efficient musical e-commerce site with exponential business expansion possibilities. It is a site that will be informative and easy to use for both the customers and musical groups. It is also an aesthetically pleasing site that considers the fact that many of its prospective customers/viewers are on dial-up and quick load